linux 常用命令（4）--grep

一常用

1.grep '[g-z]\{7\}' *.log 正则搜索当前目录下已log结尾的文件中七位在g到z中间的字母

2.grep ^$ filename 查找文件中的空行

3. grep -o 'password' test.properties 只显示匹配的部分而不是整行

二用法

Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]...
Search for PATTERN in each FILE.
Example: grep -i 'hello world' menu.h main.c

Pattern selection and interpretation: 模式选择和解释：

-E, --extended-regexp PATTERN is an extended regular expression 扩展正则表达式搜索
-F, --fixed-strings PATTERN is a set of newline-separated strings 一组换行符分割的字符串
-G, --basic-regexp PATTERN is a basic regular expression (default) 普通正则表达式
-P, --perl-regexp PATTERN is a Perl regular expression Perl正则表达式
-e, --regexp=PATTERN use PATTERN for matching 使用模式匹配
-f, --file=FILE obtain PATTERN from FILE 从文件中获取模式
-i, --ignore-case ignore case distinctions 忽略大小写
-w, --word-regexp force PATTERN to match only whole words 只匹配整个字符串
-x, --line-regexp force PATTERN to match only whole lines 只匹配整行
-z, --null-data a data line ends in 0 byte, not newline

Miscellaneous:
-s, --no-messages suppress error messages 控制错误信息
-v, --invert-match select non-matching lines 选择不匹配的行
-V, --version display version information and exit
--help display this help text and exit

Output control:
-m, --max-count=NUM stop after NUM selected lines 在选中的某行后停止
-b, --byte-offset print the byte offset with output lines 用输出行打印字节偏移量
-n, --line-number print line number with output lines 用输出线打印行号
--line-buffered flush output on every line
-H, --with-filename print file name with output lines 用输出线打印文件名
-h, --no-filename suppress the file name prefix on output 在输出上禁止文件名前缀
--label=LABEL use LABEL as the standard input file name prefix
-o, --only-matching show only the part of a line matching PATTERN 紧显示匹配的一行
-q, --quiet, --silent suppress all normal output 抑制所有正常输出
--binary-files=TYPE assume that binary files are TYPE;
TYPE is 'binary', 'text', or 'without-match'
-a, --text equivalent to --binary-files=text
-I equivalent to --binary-files=without-match
-d, --directories=ACTION how to handle directories;
ACTION is 'read', 'recurse', or 'skip'
-D, --devices=ACTION how to handle devices, FIFOs and sockets;
ACTION is 'read' or 'skip'
-r, --recursive like --directories=recurse
-R, --dereference-recursive likewise, but follow all symlinks
--include=FILE_PATTERN search only files that match FILE_PATTERN
--exclude=FILE_PATTERN skip files and directories matching FILE_PATTERN
--exclude-from=FILE skip files matching any file pattern from FILE
--exclude-dir=PATTERN directories that match PATTERN will be skipped.
-L, --files-without-match print only names of FILEs with no selected lines
-l, --files-with-matches print only names of FILEs with selected lines
-c, --count print only a count of selected lines per FILE
-T, --initial-tab make tabs line up (if needed)
-Z, --null print 0 byte after FILE name

Context control:
-B, --before-context=NUM print NUM lines of leading context
-A, --after-context=NUM print NUM lines of trailing context
-C, --context=NUM print NUM lines of output context
-NUM same as --context=NUM
--color[=WHEN],
--colour[=WHEN] use markers to highlight the matching strings;
WHEN is 'always', 'never', or 'auto'
-U, --binary do not strip CR characters at EOL (MSDOS/Windows)

When FILE is '-', read standard input. With no FILE, read '.' if
recursive, '-' otherwise. With fewer than two FILEs, assume -h.
Exit status is 0 if any line is selected, 1 otherwise;
if any error occurs and -q is not given, the exit status is 2.

Report bugs to: bug-grep@gnu.org
GNU grep home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/grep/>
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>

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